The study of the characteristics of fine clays and the development of universal drilling fluids on their basis for the purpose of safe well drilling are the main factor in increasing of hydrocarbon production, reducing the duration of well drilling and eliminating complications and accidents. The scientific novelty of this work is the study of the possible use of fine clay from the Gubadag deposit as the main material for the preparation of drilling mud in order to create hydrostatic pressure during well drilling. An important aspect is the development of solution compositions adapted to a variety of geological formations and rocks. The lack of an optimal composition can lead to instability of the well walls or loss of permeability, which will seriously complicate further operation. The results obtained show that Gubadag clay can be classified as low-quality materials. Solutions created from its samples with various types of water (fresh, marine and Koitendag) are almost the same in volume. However, it is noted that as a result of the treatment of seawater with caustic soda, sample No. 2 significantly increases in volume of the solution, reaching more than 4 m3, which differs from other samples. All this indicates the stability of the properties of clays in various environmental conditions, which may be important when choosing optimal solutions for drilling wells in different regions with different types of water and geological characteristics. The practical significance of the research is the possibility of adapting drilling fluids to various geological conditions, minimizing risks during drilling and improving the efficiency of production processes.
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